Research
Dr. Creager¹s research includes two project groups relating to electrochemical science and technology. In one project group,
electrochemical techniques are used to study electron transport across
molecular bridges (³wires²) linking redox molecules to electrodes. This work provides insight into how charge moves on the nanoscale and is relevant to the developing field of molecular electronics in which individual molecules serve as active elements in devices such as logic ³circuits,² memory cells and chemical sensors.

In a related project, monolayer coatings are used in an electrochemical amplification method whereby certain redox molecules, usually ferrocene derivatives, may be detected at extremely low concentrations in solution. Bioanalytical assays for DNA and other biomolecules tagged with ferrocene groups are being developed using this method.

Another project group involves studies of new materials for electro-chemical energy storage devices such as rechargeable lithium ion batteries and proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Much of this work focuses on proton and lithium transport in the membrane electrolytes used in these devices. The long-range goal of this research is to develop materials that can improve the performance of advanced battery and fuel cell systems.

For further information on the Creager research group, please follow this link to our group web site.

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Recent Publications

Norton, J., M.G. Han, P. Jiang, S. Creager, and S.H. Foulger, Electrochemical tuning the optical properties of crystalline colloidal arrays composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coated silica particles. Journal Of Materials Chemistry, 2007. 17(12): p. 1149-1153.

Creager, S.E., B. Liu, H. Mei, and D. DesMarteau, Electrochemical grafting of an aryl fluorosulfonimide electrolyte onto glassy carbon. Langmuir, 2006. 22(25): p. 10747-10753.

Borodin, O., G.D. Smith, O. Geiculescu, S.E. Creager, B. Hallac, and D. DesMarteau, Li+ transport in lithium sulfonylimide-oligo(ethylene oxide) ionic liquids and oligo(ethylene oxide) doped with LiTFSI. Journal Of Physical Chemistry B, 2006. 110(47): p. 24266-24274.

Geiculescu, O.E., R. Rajagopal, S.E. Creager, D.D. DesMarteau, X.W. Zhang, and P. Fedkiw, Transport properties of solid polymer electrolytes prepared from oligomeric fluorosulfonimide lithium salts dissolved in high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide). Journal Of Physical Chemistry B, 2006. 110(46): p. 23130-23135.

Perpall, M.W., D.W. Smith, D.D. DesMarteau, and S.E. Creager, Alternative trifluorovinyl ether derived fluoropolymer membranes and functionalized carbon composite electrodes for fuel cells. Polymer Reviews, 2006. 46(3): p. 297-313.

Norton, J.C.S., M.G. Han, P. Jiang, G.H. Shim, Y.R. Ying, S. Creager, and S.H. Foulger, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-coated silica spheres: Electrochemical modulation of the optical properties of a hydrogel-stabilized core-shell particle suspension. Chemistry Of Materials, 2006. 18(19): p. 4570-4575.

Smalley, J.F., S.B. Sachs, C.E.D. Chidsey, S.P. Dudek, H.D. Sikes, S.E. Creager, C.J. Yu, S.W. Feldberg, and M.D. Newton, Interfacial electron-transfer kinetics of ferrocene through oligophenyleneethynylene bridges attached to gold electrodes as constituents of self-assembled monolayers: Observation of a nonmonotonic distance dependence. Journal Of The American Chemical Society, 2004. 126(44): p. 14620-14630.

Geiculescu, O.E., Y. Xie, R. Rajagopal, S.E. Creager, and D.D. DesMarteau, Dilithium bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]diimide salts as electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries. Journal Of Fluorine Chemistry, 2004. 125(8): p. 1179-1185.

Geiculescu, O.E., J. Yang, S. Zhou, G. Shafer, Y. Xie, J. Albright, S.E. Creager, W.T. Pennington, and D.D. DesMarteau, Solid polymer electrolytes from polyanionic lithium salts based on the LiTFSI anion structure. Journal Of The Electrochemical Society, 2004. 151(9): p. A1363-A1368.

Atkins, J.R., S.C. Savett, and S.E. Creager, Large-scale current fluctuations in PEM fuel cells operating with reduced feed stream humidification. Journal Of Power Sources, 2004. 128(2): p. 201-207.

Liu, B., A.J. Bard, M.V. Mirkin, and S.E. Creager, Electron transfer at self-assembled monolayers measured by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Journal Of The American Chemical Society, 2004. 126(5): p. 1485-1492.

Adams, D.M., L. Brus, C.E.D. Chidsey, S. Creager, C. Creutz, C.R. Kagan, P.V. Kamat, M. Lieberman, S. Lindsay, R.A. Marcus, R.M. Metzger, M.E. Michel-Beyerle, J.R. Miller, M.D. Newton, D.R. Rolison, O. Sankey, K.S. Schanze, J. Yardley, and X.Y. Zhu, Charge transfer on the nanoscale: Current status. Journal Of Physical Chemistry B, 2003. 107(28): p. 6668-6697.

Atkins, J.R., C.R. Sides, S.E. Creager, J.L. Harris, W.T. Pennington, B.H. Thomas, and D.D. DesMarteau, Effect of equivalent weight on water sorption, PTFE-like crystallinity, and ionic conductivity in bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl] imide perfluorinated ionomers. Journal Of New Materials For Electrochemical Systems, 2003. 6(1): p. 9-15.

Smalley, J.F., H.O. Finklea, C.E.D. Chidsey, M.R. Linford, S.E. Creager, J.P. Ferraris, K. Chalfant, T. Zawodzinsk, S.W. Feldberg, and M.D. Newton, Heterogeneous electron-transfer kinetics for ruthenium and ferrocene redox moieties through alkanethiol monolayers on gold. Journal Of The American Chemical Society, 2003. 125(7): p. 2004-2013.

Paulenova, A., S.E. Creager, J.D. Navratil, and Y. Wei, Redox potentials and kinetics of the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox reaction and solubility of cerium sulfates in sulfuric acid solutions. Journal of Power Sources, 2002. 109(2): p. 431-438.

Geiculescu, O.E., J. Yang, H. Blau, R. Bailey-Walsh, S.E. Creager, W.T. Pennington, and D.D. DesMarteau, Solid polymer electrolytes from dilithium salts based on new bis (perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl diimide dianions. Preparation and electrical characterization. Solid State Ionics, 2002. 148(1-2): p. 173-183.

Sumner, J.J. and S.E. Creager, Redox kinetics in monolayers on electrodes: Electron transfer is sluggish for ferrocene groups buried within the monolayer interior. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2001. 105(37): p. 8739-8745.

Radford, P.T. and S.E. Creager, Dual-stream flow injection method for amplified electrochemical detection of ferrocene derivatives. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001. 449(1-2): p. 199-209.

Creager, S.E. and P.T. Radford, Electrochemical reactivity at redox-molecule-based nanoelectrode ensembles. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2001. 500(1-2): p. 21-29.

Taylor, C.E. and S.E. Creager, Electrochemiluminescence-based detection of ferrocene derivatives at monolayer-coated electrodes. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2000. 485(2): p. 114-120.

Sumner, J.J., K.S. Weber, L.A. Hockett, and S.E. Creager, Long-range heterogeneous electron transfer between ferrocene and gold mediated by n-alkane and N-alkyl-carboxamide bridges. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000. 104(31): p. 7449-7454.

Sumner, J.J. and S.E. Creager, Topological effects in bridge-mediated electron transfer between redox molecules and metal electrodes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2000. 122(48): p. 11914-11920.

Li, J.H., K. Schuler, and S.E. Creager, A generalized equivalent-circuit model for electroactive monolayers exhibiting a fixed redox potential and a distribution of electron-transfer rate constants - I. Square distributions. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2000. 147(12): p. 4584-4588.

Radford, P.T., M. French, and S.E. Creager, A signal amplification scheme for ultrasensitive amperometric detection in flowing streams. Analytical Chemistry, 1999. 71(22): p. 5101-5108.

O'Connor, S.D., G.T. Olsen, and S.E. Creager, A Nernstian electron source model for the ac voltammetric response of a reversible surface redox reaction using large- amplitude ac voltages. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1999. 466(2): p. 197-202.

Creager, S., C.J. Yu, C. Bamdad, S. O'Connor, T. MacLean, E. Lam, Y. Chong, G.T. Olsen, J.Y. Luo, M. Gozin, and J.F. Kayyem, Electron transfer at electrodes through conjugated "molecular wire" bridges. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1999. 121(5): p. 1059-1064.

Creager, S.E., J.J. Sumner, R.D. Bailey, J.J. Ma, W.T. Pennington, and D.D. DesMarteau, Equivalent weight and crystallinity effects on water content and proton conductivity in bis (perfluoroalkyl) sulfonyl imide- based ionomers. Electrochemical and Solid State Letters, 1999. 2(9): p. 434-436.

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